Chinese medicine for stomach, gastro-intestinal disorders research
In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases
Yang Li, Chen Xu, Qiang Zhang, Jun Yan Liu and Ren Xiang Tan,
Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
Infection by Helicobacter pylori has been ascertained to be an important etiologic impetus leading usually to chronic active gastritis and gastric ulcer with growing incidences worldwide. Utilizing as the test pathogen a standard and five clinic strains of Helicobacter pylori, the antibacterial action was assessed in vitro with ethanol extracts of 30 Chinese herbal medicines which have been frequently prescribed since ancient times for treating gastritis-like disorders. Among the 30 tested materials, the ethanol extracts of Abrus cantoniensis (Fabaceae), Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae) and Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) were strongly inhibitory to all test strains (MICs: 40 μg/ml), and Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae), Fritillaria thunbergii (Liliaceae), Magnolia officinalis and Schisandra chinensis (Magnoliaceae), Corydalis yanhusuo (Papaveraceae), Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae), Bupleurum chinense and Ligusticum chuanxiong (Apiaceae) substantially active with MICs close to 60.0 μg/ml. As to antibacterial actions of the aqueous extracts of the same drugs, those derived from Cassia obtusifolia (Fabaceae), Fritillaria thunbergii and Eugenia caryophyllata were remarkably inhibitory against all the six Helicobacter pylori strains (MICs: 60 μg/ml). The work compared almost quantitatively the magnitude of the anti-Helicobacter pylori actions of the 30 most prescribed gastritis-treating Chinese herbal drugs, and located as well some source plants where potent anti-Helicobacter pylori phytochemicals could be characterized.

Anti-diarrheal effect of Galla Chinensis on the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and ganglioside interaction
Jaw-Chyun Chena, Tin-Yun Hob, Yuan-Shiun Changa, Shih-Lu Wuc and Chien-Yun Hsiangd, ,
aGraduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
bMolecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
cDepartment of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
dDepartment of Microbiology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most frequently isolated enteropathogen, accounting for approximately 210 million diarrhea episodes annually. ETEC-induced diarrhea is initiated by the binding of B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) to the ganglioside GM1 on the surface of intestinal epithelial cell. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of 297 Chinese medicinal herbs on the LTB and GM1 interaction by GM1-enzyem-linked immunosorbent assay. Galla Chinensis extract (GCE) exhibited anti-LT-induced diarrheal effect in the patent mouse gut assay, with IC50 value of 4.7 ± 1.3 mg/ml. GCE also inhibited the binding of LTB to GM1, suggesting that GCE suppressed the LT-induced fluid accumulation by blocking the binding of LTB to GM1. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction was the most active fraction of Galla Chinensis that inhibiting the binding of LTB to GM1 with an IC50 value of 153.6 ± 3.4 μg/ml. The major components of the EA fraction should be phenolic derivatives according to a thin-layer chromatography analysis. Gallic acid, the major component of EA fraction, blocked the binding of LTB to GM1, resulting in the suppression of LT-induced diarrhea. In conclusion, these data suggested that Galla Chinensis and gallic acid might be potent drugs for the treatment of LT-induced diarrhea.

Use of a chinese herbal medicine for treatment of hiv-associated pathogen-negative diarrhea
Misha R. Cohen OMD, LACa, Thomas F. Mitchell MPH, b, Peter Bacchetti PHDc, Carroll Child RN, MSCb, Sherrill Crawford RNb, Andrew Gaeddertd and Donald I. Abrams MDb
a Quan Yin Healing Arts Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
b Community Consortium, University of California San Francisco Positive Health Program at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
d Health Concerns, Oakland, CA, USA
Background: Diarrhea is a frequent problem among persons with advanced HIV disease. In the absence of treatable pathogens, symptomatic relief is all that is available for current therapy. As a result, many patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea have turned to herbal formulas for treatment. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of a Chinese medicine for stomach disorders (Source Qi) in reducing the number of stools per day related to HIV-associated, pathogen-negative diarrhea. Methods: Sixteen male patients received treatment with Source Qi in an 8-week, open-label study. Patients tested negative for cryptosporidium and other gastrointestinal pathogens, and had chronic diarrhea, defined as having three or more loose stools/day for ≥14 days (and no other treatable causes for diarrhea). Measurements of diarrhea included numbers of bowel movements/day, abnormal bowel movements/day, and liquid bowel movements/day. Subjects completed daily stool diaries an average of 2 weeks before and up to 8 weeks after starting Source Qi. Paired Wilcoxon tests compared the last week before treatment with each week of treatment. Results: There was a reduction in average number of stools/day in each week of treatment (−0.2 to −0.8), except week 1 (+0.1), with improvements in weeks 2–6 approaching or reaching statistical significance . Conclusions: A modest but sustained decrease in average number of stools/day was observed in patients with HIV-associated, pathogen-negative diarrhea. The entry criteria, 2-week run-in period, lack of benefit in week 1, and sustained benefit thereafter all suggest that the improvement was not due to bias.

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